英语反意附加疑问句使用中应注意的问题有哪几个

反意附加疑问句在英语中的使用十分常见，是一种表达礼貌且婉转的句型，那同学们知道英语反意附加疑问句使用中应注意的问题有哪几个，才不会出现使用错误的尴尬。为了帮助同学们更好的掌握，接下来不妨来看看小编整理的英语反意附加疑问句使用中应注意的问题有哪几个。

反意附加疑问句在英语中十分常用，是一种表达礼貌且婉转的句型。它通常由“陈述部分+疑问部分”构成，其表现形式为“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”;其语用功能为提问者对某事没有把握，需要对方证实，以表示礼貌和寻求答案。在口语中反意附加疑问句的系动词be、助动词、情态动词的否定形式一般用简略的形式。例如：

He isn't a student, is he?

You are a teacher, aren't you?

Egypt is a lovely girl, isn't she?

The James brothers went to the party, didn't they?

在非正式场合，陈述部份可省略作主语用的代词或助动词。例如：

Nice day, isn't it? (=It is a nice day, isn't it?)

Dutch, aren't you? (=You are the Dutch, aren't you?)

使用反意附加疑问句时，除应注意前后人称与数保持一致、时态与动词性质保持一致之外，还应注意以下几个问题：

1.陈述部分含有情态动词must和may时,附加部分的动词形式较为复杂，是一个比较棘手的问题。

1)当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，要分两种情况：若must表示“必须”或“有必要”，则附加部分可用mustn't或needn't。例如：

You must leave at once, mustn't/needn't you?

不少语法书和教科书都说，若陈述部分的must表示对当前和过去的状况推测，意为“一定”或“必定”时，附加部分不能用must，而应根据must后面的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。例如：

He must be tired, isn't he?

He must have read it, hasn't/didn't he?

其实，陈述部分的must表示推测时，附加部分也能用must。著名语言学家周海中教授在1984年发表的《英语附加疑问句的一个问题》一文中就给出了几个实例：

So it must be all right, mustn't it? (P. Alexander: Death of a Thin-skinned Animals)

There must be someone else in the house, mustn't there? (K. Amis: One Fat Englishman)

I suppose it must have been that book, mustn't it? (N. Marsh: Final Curtain)

It wasn't — I mean, it must just have happened to be there, mustn't it? (J. Wyndham: The Day of the Triffids)

2)某些语法专家认为，若陈述部分含有情态动词may时，附加部分不能用mayn't，而只能用mightn't。对此,周海中教授曾有着不同的看法，他认为附加部分可以用mayn't，并在1990年发表的《英语附加疑问句的若干问题》一文中给出了几个实例：

I may come and see her tomorrow, mayn't I? (G. Eliot: Adam Bede)

We may say that we love each other now, mayn't we? (W. W. Collins: The Woman in White)

It may have been in your mind, mayn't it? (E. O'Neill: Strange Interlude)

2.陈述部分含有never、 seldom、 hardly、 rarely、 barely、 scarcely、 few、 little等否定词或半否定词时,都视为否定形式，因此疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：

He never said such a thing, did he?

You hardly ever came late, did you?

You would scarcely expect her to know that, would you?

Little progress has been made, has it?

另外，当陈述部分含有nothing、 nobody等复合不定代词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：

He has nothing more to say, has he?

Nobody came yesterday, did they?

但当陈述部分含有un-、 in-、 im-、 ir-、 dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时,该部分视为肯定形式，而疑问部分用否定形式。例如：

It is impolite to do that, isn't it?

He was discouraged by his talk, wasn't he?

3.陈述部分的主语是不定代词every one、 everybody、 someone、 anyone、 neither等时,疑问部分的主语一般要用they。例如：

Someone has left there, haven't they?

Neither of them complained, did they?

但在正式场合也可用he。例如：

Nobody knew it, did he?

Every one of the children likes this game, doesn't he?

陈述部分的主语为不定代词one时，疑问部分的主语一般也要用one。例如：

One can't be too careful, can one?

但在非正式场合也可用he或you。例如：

One should do his duty, shouldn't he?

One doesn't act like that, can you?

4.陈述部分的主语是指示代词that、 this、 these或those时，疑问部分的主语应分别用it或they。例如：

This isn't a fast train, is it?

That was a very pleasant trip, wasn't it?

These are not story books, are they?

当指示代词such用作陈述部分的主语时，疑问部分的主语要根据其概念而定，即可能是单数it也可能是复数they。例如：

Such is life, isn't it?

Such are available, aren't they?

5.陈述部分的主语是I think (suppose、 consider、 believe、 guess、 expect、 fancy、 imagine、 reckon、 feel、 am afraid、 dare say等)+宾语从句时, 疑问部分的主、谓语应与从句的主、谓语相一致。例如：

I don't think he will come, will he?

I expect you can guess what I mean, can't you?

I'm afraid he's made a bad mistake, hasn't he?

有时相同的陈述部分可以有不同的反意附加疑问句,但其语义不同。例如：I think he is very stupid, isn't he? [我认为他很愚蠢,不是吗?](要求对方用“Yes”或“No”回答, 给以证实)I don't suppose John will come to see us this evening, will he? [我想约翰今晚不会来看我们,是不是?]

6.陈述部分为祈使句时,疑问部分一般用will you、 won't you、 would you,也可用can you、 can't you和could you,它们不是真正表示疑问,而是表示请求。例如：

Don't forget to post the letter, will you?

Sit down, won't you?

Shut up, can't you?

以Let's开头的祈使句, 疑问部分一般用shall we,而以Let us开头的祈使句,若意思是“允许我们”,不包括听者在内时, 疑问部分用will you。例如：

Let's go for a picnic, shall we?

Let us know your address, will you?

7.陈述部分的主语是动词不定式、动名词或词组时，疑问部分的主语必须用it。例如：

To adopt an attitude is to seek truth from facts, isn't it?

Writing the book has taken up all his spare time, hasn't it?

From Oxford to London is about 80 kilometers, isn't it?

当陈述部分为感叹句时，疑问部分的主语一般也用it，而且只能用否定形式。例如：